![]() ![]() Why does Farley mention the concept of the "divine right of kings"? What points is he trying to make when he mentions former Senator George McGovern's proposed tax and former President Bush's proposal to eliminate the inheritance tax? All examples of false consciousnessįrom past to present What ways are order and conflict are competing perspectives The order approach sees society as basically stable and orderly, arranged in ways that meet its basic needs and marked by value consensus. In effect, control over the means of production determines the political system, social institutions, and culture. ![]() Specifically, they serve the interests of those who control the means of production. False consciousness a subordinate group's acceptance of an ideology that goes against its own self-interest What is the relationship between the means of production in a society and its culture and its social institutions (such as its political system)? The political system, social institutions, and cul1ure all support the economic system. Means of production own or control to produce things of economic value Capital ownership of industries, natural resources, and distribution systems, or the money with which to purchase them. Conflict in society is desirable (a value judgment) because it makes possible social change, which may lead to a more equitable distribution of wealth and power. In either case, the consensus lacks a fundamental stability and is unlikely to persist over the longer run. The latter oc,:urs because dominant groups exert disproportionate control over information and the media. The usual causes of apparent consensus are either coercion and repression by the dominant group or an acceptance by disadvantaged groups of ideologies not in their self-interest. When consensus does appear in society, it is artificial and unlikely to persist over the long run. This group uses its power so that most aspects of the social structure operate in a way that serves its interesL As a resuh., this group (usually a small percentage of the entire population) controls a vastly disproportionate share of such scarce resources as wealth and social status. Because competing interest groups have unequal power, one group usually becomes dominant. Therefore, different social groups have different and conflicting self Conflict is built into society that is, societies naturally tend toward conflict because wealth and power are limited or scarce resources and are distributed unequally. They facilitate the cooperation necessary to meet individual, group, and system needs. Consensus and stability are desirable in society (a value judgment). This consensus is necessary for cooperation, which in tum is necessary because the people and groups in the social system depend on one another to meet their basic needs. Society tends toward consensus, at least on certain basic values. A drastic change anywhere usually would be dysfunctional for the entire system (preventing it from meeting its basic needs). Societies tend toward stabiHty and equilibrium because each part is performing a function (making a contribution to society) and is interrelated with other parts. ![]() An often unstated but implicit notion is that society usually tends 10 work for the greatest good of the largest number of its members. Every element of society performs some function for the soc.ial system somehow, it meets a need or helps to make the system work or bold it together. Because different parts of society depend on one another, a change at one point in society will have an impact elsewhere, especially in large, modem, complex, and specialized societies. The functioning of society depends on the operation and coordination of all lhese interdependent segments.
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